Detecting urologic cancers early improves outcomes, with screenings, self-exams, and healthy lifestyle choices essential.

Urologic cancers affect various parts of the urinary system and male reproductive system, including the bladder, kidneys, prostate, and testicles.

While these cancers are common, many can be detected early, significantly improving treatment outcomes.

Here’s an updated guide with tips to help identify urologic cancers at an early stage.

Types of Urologic Cancer

Bladder Cancer

Most bladder cancers start in the urothelium (lining of the bladder) and are classified as non-muscle invasive tumors.

Invasive tumors spread into the bladder wall layers, making them more challenging to treat.

Prostate Cancer

Typically slow-growing, prostate cancer may remain localized within the prostate or become aggressive, spreading to nearby organs.

Localized prostate cancer has high treatment success rates, while advanced cases affecting surrounding tissues are harder to manage.

Kidney Cancer

Usually affects one kidney but can rarely involve both.

Cancer can metastasize to nearby lymph nodes, adrenal glands, or distant organs like the lungs and liver, increasing severity.

Testicular Cancer

Most cases originate in germ cells (responsible for sperm production), while some involve hormone-producing tissue (stroma).

Cancer can spread to the testicles from other parts of the body in rare cases.

Tips for Early Detection

Schedule Regular Screenings

Regular screening is crucial for catching cancers early.

For prostate cancer, men over 50 should have a PSA test every two years. Those at higher risk (e.g., family history) may require earlier and more frequent testing.

Perform Testicular Self-Exams

Monthly self-checks can help detect abnormalities related to testicular cancer.

How to perform a self-exam:

Conduct the exam after a warm shower when the scrotum is relaxed.

Hold the penis aside and gently roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers.

Check for lumps, nodules, or changes in size and shape.

Note that the epididymis, a small coiled tube on the upper side of the testicle, is a normal structure.

If you detect anything unusual, consult a doctor promptly.

Understand Your Family History

A family history of cancer significantly increases risk.

Discuss your family medical history with relatives and share relevant details with your doctor.

Early and frequent screenings may be necessary if cancer runs in your family.

Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

While some risk factors (e.g., genetics) are uncontrollable, lifestyle changes can help reduce risks:

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.

Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Stay active and maintain a healthy weight.

Monitor Symptoms

Early signs of urologic cancers can include:

Blood in urine or semen

Frequent urination or difficulty urinating

Persistent pain in the back or lower abdomen

Swelling or lumps in the testicles

If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.